Costa writes:
On Sunday we began to think about how God desires some things but wills other things. I would like to amplify what I said to try to bring some biblical clarity to this, and in particular to show that God is totally sovereign and wonderfully compassionate but does not suffer from divine schizophrenia.
It is clear from the Scriptures that “God does not desire the death of the wicked but that they turn from their ways and live” (Ezek 33:11). In some sense – that of His desire – we may therefore say that God wills all people be saved.
But it is also clear – from the unconditional election of only some (Eph 1:4) and the destruction of the ungodly (Rev 14:9-11) – that not all will be saved.
This implies that God decrees one state of affairs (‘what He wants’) while also willing and teaching that a different state of affairs should actually come to pass (‘what He wills’).
Let us note some illustrations of the two wills in God:
a) the death of Christ. The most compelling example of God’s willing for sin to come to pass while at the same time disapproving the sin is His willing the death of His perfect Son. Herod’s contempt for Jesus (Luke 23:11), Pilate’s spineless expediency (Luke 23:24), the Jews’ baying for his blood (Luke 23:21) the Gentiles’ mockery (Luke 23:36) and Satan’s inspiration behind it (Luke 22:3) were all sinful attitudes and deeds.
But in Acts 2:23 Luke says “this Jesus was delivered up according to the divine plan and foreknowledge of God”, and in Acts 4:27-28 Luke records the prayer of the Christians who knew that what had been done had been done because “your power and will had decided beforehand what should happen.” It was both sinful (and therefore against God’s will) and decreed by God to take place.
b) Other examples of the same might include the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart in Exodus 5-11, or the war against the lamb in Rev 17:16-17, or the raising up of the Assyrian army to crush the disobedient Israelites in Isaiah 10:5.
In each case it is God who is stated as having caused it to happen while being against it happening for other reasons. This means that God brings about events that involve things he forbids.
Regarding our original example, we know that God does not delight in the death of the wicked; yet in Dt 28:63 Moses warns that “the LORD will take delight in bringing ruin upon you and destroying you.” Therefore in some sense he does not, and in some sense he does! The question is – how are we to relate these two different aspects of God’s will?
Let us note the things of which we can be sure because Scripture explicitly affirms them:
i) God does not sin. Never. Not remotely or nearly. He is Holy, Holy, Holy.
ii) God is sovereign. Totally. Always. Over everything. All the details of life (ours and everyone else’s). But not in such a way that makes him culpable for sin.
iii) God is love. It is His nature. Shown ultimately in the giving of His Son. More loving than we can grasp.
How does it fit together that God desires to save all but wills that not all be saved? It seems (as best we can understand) that He does so by considering the two situations and in His divine wisdom allowing one view to override the other. It is as if viewing events through a narrow lens He has compassion and will; but viewing the same events through a wide angle lens He knows it is better not to do it for the sake of greater principles.
We can imagine a judge who takes pity on a criminal, and has compassion upon him – yet because of greater principles, say those of duty, wisdom, moral indignation, chooses to sign the sentencing document. God loves all people and longs for each to turn from sin and live – yet has not decreed it be so.
The illustration makes a point – there can, in a noble and great heart, sincere compassion for a criminal who is nevertheless not set free. In the end “we may rest that His infinite wisdom regulates his whole will and guides and harmonises (not suppresses) all its active principles.” (RA Dabney).
Therefore we may say that God loves the world with a deep compassion that desires the salvation of all men, but that God has chosen whom he will save. Since not all are saved we must choose whether we believe that God’s will to save all people is restrained by his commitment to human self-determination (as Arminians believe) or whether God’s will is restrained by his commitment to glorifying his sovereign grace (Eph 1:6, 12,14).
This means:
- we are in awe of God’s sovereign election of us to believe – praise Him!
- we take comfort in his sovereign ruling of all things for our good – praise Him!
- we rejoice in his sovereign and infinite wisdom to glorify His grace – praise Him!